Multi-storey cropping, or multi-tier cropping, is a production system characterized by an extremely efficient utilization of space by focusing on both vertical space and ground arrangement. Crops of different heights, stages of maturation, sunlight requirements, and root systems are grown in tandem. By selecting crops of different heights, canopy patterns, and root systems, multiple layers of canopy (2 to 5 layers) can be grown on a farm. This farming system seeks to maximize farm productivity and income and usually involves cultivating entirely cash crops. It is best suited to smallholder farms in tropical zones that receive high levels of sunlight. 

Multi-storey cropping can be implemented in an intercrop or mixed-crop arrangement. Crops may also be planted in a more random arrangement where practitioners/farmers have specific knowledge of the local environmental and ecological system and which crops may be optimal for their context. Multi-storey cropping enables the diversification of crops produced and often brings higher yields per unit area than mono-crop settings. This type of crop-growing system leverages the synergies between plants to enhance productivity (foliage size, shade formed, nutrients used, etc.). Multi-storey cropping systems also place a strong emphasis on nutrient recycling;  these systems allow organic matter to re-enter the soil, thus improving the structure and fertility of soils (this can be aided further by actively implementing mulching). Finally, a multi-storey cropping system reduces soil erosion by increasing the soil cover and water retention of an area.

Some of the main advantages of multi-storey cropping are the increased long-term productivity of farms due to improved soil health and the survival of different crop varieties thanks to the provision of shade by taller plants. The provision of shade and multiple crop types can increase soil fertility and restore the nutrient content of the soil. As a result, this can lead to long-term productivity of the soil which can contribute to long-term food security and quality due to improved soil health. Furthermore, what is also observed is a reduced exposure of farmers/implementors to market volatility due to diversified sources of income from planting multiple crops. This on its own can result in a potential increase in farm income (once the system is complete) due to diversification of income screams through the planting of multiple crops, and reduction in crop vulnerability (for crops which prefer shade). Finally, when the intervention is applied is can result in a decreased flood risk/flood damage due to the increased soil cover and dense vegetation preventing excessive water runoff downstream.